雷克瑟姆火车总站
.jpg) 雷克瑟姆火车总站 | |||||
| 位置 |  英国 威尔士 雷克瑟姆郡自治市 雷克斯汉姆 | ||||
| 地理坐标 | 53°03′03″N 3°00′05″W / 53.05083°N 3.00139°W | ||||
| 车站类别 | 火车站 | ||||
| 运营机构 | 威尔士铁路公司 | ||||
| 途经线路 | 什鲁斯伯里—切斯特铁路 边界铁路 | ||||
| 月台 | 4座 | ||||
| 其他信息 | |||||
| 车站代码 | WRX | ||||
| 车站等级 | 英国铁路车站等级 D | ||||
| 重要事件 | |||||
| 1846年 | 第一代车站启用 | ||||
| 1912年 | 第二代车站启用 | ||||
| 2008年 | 新站台和咖啡馆启用 | ||||
| 2011年 | 4站台和人行天桥重修 | ||||
| 营运信息 | |||||
| 乘客数量 （2018/19） | ▲ 51.2万人次 | ||||
| 乘客数量 （2019/20） | ▼ 50.2万人次 | ||||
| 乘客数量 （2020/21） | ▼ 12.8万人次 | ||||
| 乘客数量 （2021/22） | ▲ 40万人次 | ||||
| 乘客数量 （2022/23） | ▲ 48.9万人次 | ||||
登录建筑－II级 | |||||
| 评定时间 | 1986年9月5日 | ||||
| 参考编码 | 1855[1] | ||||
| |||||
雷克瑟姆火车总站（英文全称：Wrexham General railway station，英文简称：Wrexham General，威尔士语：Wrecsam Cyffredinol）是英国威尔士东北部城市雷克瑟姆的两座主要火车站之一，另一座是雷克瑟姆中央车站。该站现由威尔士铁路公司管理，停靠列车多数属于威尔士铁路公司，但也有阿凡提西海岸通往伦敦尤斯顿车站的列车。雷克瑟姆火车总站第一代站房启用于1846年，后改属大西部铁路，并由大西部铁路于1912年建设第二代站房。雷克瑟姆火车总站是雷克瑟姆郡自治市的主要城际铁路交通枢纽，2006—2007年度承担了雷克瑟姆郡自治市78%的城际铁路客流。该站同时是北威尔士的主要城际铁路枢纽。
今雷克瑟姆火车总站供边界铁路使用的4站台，曾是一座独立的火车站——雷克瑟姆交换站，雷克瑟姆交换站1981年并入雷克瑟姆火车总站。
历史[编辑]
1846年，雷克瑟姆进入了蒸汽铁路时代。雷克瑟姆第一条铁路是由当地知名商人亨利·罗伯逊出资修建的北威尔士矿业铁路，该人在泥山村还拥有钢铁厂。
雷克瑟姆火车总站先后拥有过两代车站，两代车站的位置并无变化。第一代车站是由什鲁斯伯里和切斯特铁路建设的带有荷兰式山墙的雅各宾建筑，总设计师是雷克瑟姆建筑师托马斯·彭森（Thomas Penson）先生，这位建筑师还设计了什鲁斯伯里站和戈博温站两座火车站。雷克瑟姆火车总站刚建成之时，周边还是雷克瑟姆城区的边缘，当时的雷克瑟姆是重工业城镇，所拥有的一批煤矿和钢铁厂吸引着铁路公司。
第二代车站建成于1912年，由新运营单位大西部铁路建设，目的在于应对更大的铁路交通流量。第二代车站使用大西部铁路标准的法式建筑风格，屋顶塔楼上拥有华丽的装饰。雷克瑟姆火车总站的独特之处在于从第一代站房到第二代站房均使用石头外墙，而不是常见的红砖外墙。雷克瑟姆火车总站通往肖顿的钢厂铁路和通往彻克中密度纤维板工厂的木材运输铁路在20世纪60年代的比钦大斧中得以幸存。
1997年4月24日，一列空运煤火车中的一节车厢在雷克瑟姆火车总站附近的平交道口出轨。事故列车继续行驶了1英里进入雷克瑟姆火车总站，出轨车厢损坏了雷克瑟姆火车总站的站台和雨棚。[2] 这使得车站进行了大修，包括重修雨棚、重修全部站台站台、清洗黑色砂岩建筑。此次翻建并未翻修已于20世纪70年代停用的港湾式站台，其仍保留了20世纪70年代的照明，直至威尔士议会2008年对其进行翻新。
在英国，大西部铁路和后继公司英国铁路西部为和其它铁路公司在一座城市的主要火车站名称上做出区别，便将其所属在一座城市的主要火车站命名为“XX火车总站”，对应的英语则为“某某 General railway station”。英国城市的主要火车站更多的是直接以所在地命名，或称为“XX中央车站”（对应的英语则为“某某 Central railway station”）。
在1967年及以前，雷克瑟姆火车总站还拥有大西部铁路及后来的英国铁路西部运营的通往伦敦帕丁顿车站和伯肯黑德伍德赛德站的快速列车，在西海岸主线完成电气化改造时停运。
近年来发展[编辑]
The station is currently undergoing a renaissance as a number of new services have been introduced. Since 2005 the station has been a stop of the two hourly Cardiff to Holyhead Transport for Wales service (introduced by previous franchise operator Arriva Trains Wales, which occasionally extends to Llanelli. The two hourly Birmingham service has also been extended to Birmingham International and Holyhead.
In April 2008, Ieuan Wyn Jones AM, the Deputy First Minister for Wales opened a new Wrexham Network Rail depot. It consisted of the refurbishment of two terminal bay platforms to the south of the station for overnight stabling of trains and the construction of a crew depot. The development was opened to coincide with the start of services from Wrexham General to London by Wrexham & Shropshire, who utilised the depot until services to London Marylebone stopped in January 2011.
2009年2月起，车站闲置办公区改作咖啡馆。In June 2011, construction began on the increased access for disabled people to platform four. The existing footbridge between platforms three and four was removed in preparation for the construction of a new footbridge which includes a lift on Platform four. This obviates the use of the road bridge for disabled access to platform four. The new bridge has been built to modern standards but in a style sympathising with the rest of the station design. The footbridge was installed in a record 12 hours and a timelapse video was shot of the event.
On 20 March 2012 it was announced that sections of the North to South Wales line would be upgraded along the Wrexham section of the line to a total of £46 million worth of improvements. These include redoubling the Wrexham – Chester section, and upgrading sections of the line to allow for 90 mph running throughout. This will allow for an increase in traffic between Wrexham and Chester, including further London services and a possibility of regular services to new destinations. One report has suggested extending the hourly First TransPennine Express Hull – Manchester Piccadilly service to Wrexham via Chester, which would provide a direct service to Manchester, Leeds and Hull. Other suggestions include extending the current hourly Chester – Crewe shuttle service south to Wrexham and north to Manchester (via Manchester Airport).[4] Although the engineering work completed in April 2017, no new developments are anticipated until late 2017 at the earliest.[5]
Transport for Wales have confirmed plans to introduce peak time services to and from Liverpool Lime Street via Chester and Runcorn, along the Halton Curve,[6][7] from May 2019.[8][9]
布局[编辑]
雷克瑟姆火车总站拥有4座使用中站台，分别是1站台、2站台、3站台、4站台。1站台旁边的两座港湾式站台现已停用，现已停用的港湾式站台在20实际60年代及以前用于停靠经鲁阿本—巴尔茅斯铁路到巴尔茅斯站的列车。1站台和2站台主要用于行走于切斯特站至什鲁斯伯里站的铁路上的列车，3站台和2站台实际上是一座岛式站台的两个半站台。4站台和5站台曾是单独的一座火车站——雷克瑟姆交换站，雷克瑟姆交换站1981年并入雷克瑟姆火车总站，雷克瑟姆交换站曾是埃尔斯米尔到比斯顿铁路线的中途站（现在是连接雷克瑟姆和比斯顿的边界铁路）。[10]5站台位于4站台对面，现已停用，2008年时改为内部职工停车场。
- Platform 1 can accommodate a 10 car train,[11] and is used for long distance southbound intercity passenger services to Shrewsbury, and onwards to Birmingham International (via Telford Central) or Cardiff Central, operated by Transport for Wales, and for services terminating at Wrexham from Chester and London Euston. Due to signalling constraints, trains cannot depart to the north.
- Platform 2 can accommodate a 10 car train,[11] and is used for regular northbound passenger inter city and regional services to Chester and services onwards to the North Wales Coast line to Holyhead and for services to Manchester Piccadilly via Chester and Runcorn, operated by Transport for Wales. Inter city Services to London Euston (via Chester and Crewe) are also provided on this platform by Avanti West Coast. Due to signalling constraints, trains cannot depart to the south.
- Platform 3 can accommodate a 7 car train,[11] and was used for regular passenger services to London Marylebone via Shrewsbury, Telford Central and Tame Bridge, operated by Wrexham & Shropshire. This platform is now used by a small number of Borderlands Line passenger services (usually the first northbound and last southbound train each day), for services terminating at Wrexham from Shrewsbury and for freight services changing between the Shrewsbury-Chester line and the Borderlands line. This platform is signalled bidirectionally, so trains can depart either south towards Shrewsbury or north towards Bidston, although no services from Shrewsbury currently depart on the Borderlands line and vice versa. In practice this platform is used for trains terminating from either direction.
- Platform 4 is located outside the main station canopy and is used for regular branch line passenger services northbound to Bidston, and to Wrexham Central in the opposite direction, operated by Transport for Wales. This platform is signalled bidirectionally, so trains can depart either south towards Wrexham Central or north towards Bidston.
图片集[编辑]
-
一站台 -
从二站台拍摄的车站天桥 -
三站台 -
四站台
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
雷克瑟姆交换站[编辑]
雷克瑟姆交换站（英文全称：Wrexham Exchange railway station，英文简称：Wrexham Exchange）现已与雷克瑟姆火车总站合并，成为雷克瑟姆火车总站4站台。雷克瑟姆交换站启用于1866年5月，位于雷克瑟姆火车总站旁边，但合并前是独立火车站，1981年并入雷克瑟姆火车总站。[12][13][14]
参考资料[编辑]
- ^ Template:NHAW
- ^ Eight-wagon night smash at Wrexham station. RAIL. No. 304 (EMAP Apex Publications). 7–20 May 1997: 6. ISSN 0953-4563. OCLC 49953699.
- ^ Slater, J.N. (编). Notes and News: Western's last "General". Railway Magazine (London: IPC Transport Press Ltd). July 1974, 120 (879): 361. ISSN 0033-8923.
- ^ £46m rail improvement scheme for Wrexham lines. North Wales Daily Post. 20 March 2012 [5 January 2015]. 参数
|newspaper=与模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建议改用{{cite news}}或|website=） (帮助) - ^ Williams, Kelly. Wrexham to Chester railway line upgrade finally complete after major delays. 5 April 2017.
- ^ Chancellor announces £10.4m to redevelop Halton Curve rail line. Runcorn & Widnes Weekly News. 3 July 2014 [2014-07-03].
- ^ Halton Curve to be reinstated with £10.4m upgrade. Chester Chronicle. 3 July 2014.
- ^ New Chester-Liverpool rail service. Cheshire Live. 21 September 2018 [23 September 2018]. 参数
|newspaper=与模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建议改用{{cite news}}或|website=） (帮助) - ^ Rail industry confirms new summer 2019 timetable. 7 March 2019 [11 March 2019]. （原始内容存档于28 March 2019）.
- ^ 默西塞德Merseyside比斯顿Bidston邮编postcode:CH43_英国(GB)_物流巴巴. www.5688.cn. [2024-07-04].
- ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Yonge, John. Jacobs, Gerald , 编. Railway Track Diagrams 4: Midlands & North West 2nd. Bradford on Avon: Trackmaps. March 2005. map 22D [1990]. ISBN 0-9549866-0-1.
- ^ Mitchell, Vic; Smith, Keith. Wrexham to New Brighton: including Connah's Quay and Chester Northgate. Country Railway Routes. West Sussex: Middleton Press. 2013: 地图5. ISBN 978-1-908174-47-5. OCLC 859543196 （英语）.
- ^ Disused Stations: Wrexham Exchange Station [已停用火车站：雷克瑟姆交换站]. disused-stations.org.uk. 2017-05-26 [2024-06-22]. （原始内容存档于2023-0521） （英国英语）.
- ^ Mitchell, Vic; Smith, Keith. Wrexham to New Brighton: including Connah's Quay and Chester Northgate. Country Railway Routes. West Sussex: Middleton Press. 2013: 图表10. ISBN 978-1-908174-47-5. OCLC 859543196 （英语）.
扩展阅读[编辑]
- Hendry, R. Preston; Hendry, R. Powell. Paddington to the Mersey. Oxford Publishing Company. 1992: 114–115. ISBN 9780860934424. OCLC 877729237.
- Mitchell, Vic; Smith, Keith. Shrewsbury to Chester. Middleton Press. 2010. figs. 77-90. ISBN 9781906008703. OCLC 495274299.
外部链接[编辑]
- Chester to Shrewsbury Rail Partnership 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2009-10-21.