雷克瑟姆火車總站
.jpg) 雷克瑟姆火車總站 | |||||
| 位置 |  英國 威爾士 雷克瑟姆郡自治市 雷克斯漢姆 | ||||
| 地理坐標 | 53°03′03″N 3°00′05″W / 53.05083°N 3.00139°W | ||||
| 車站類別 | 火車站 | ||||
| 營運機構 | 威爾士鐵路公司 | ||||
| 途經路線 | 什魯斯伯里—切斯特鐵路 邊界鐵路 | ||||
| 月台 | 4座 | ||||
| 其他資訊 | |||||
| 車站編號 | WRX | ||||
| 車站等級 | 英國鐵路車站等級 D | ||||
| 重要事件 | |||||
| 1846年 | 第一代車站啟用 | ||||
| 1912年 | 第二代車站啟用 | ||||
| 2008年 | 新站台和咖啡館啟用 | ||||
| 2011年 | 4站台和人行天橋重修 | ||||
| 營運資訊 | |||||
| 乘客數量 （2018/19） | ▲ 51.2萬人次 | ||||
| 乘客數量 （2019/20） | ▼ 50.2萬人次 | ||||
| 乘客數量 （2020/21） | ▼ 12.8萬人次 | ||||
| 乘客數量 （2021/22） | ▲ 40萬人次 | ||||
| 乘客數量 （2022/23） | ▲ 48.9萬人次 | ||||
登錄建築－II級 | |||||
| 評定時間 | 1986年9月5日 | ||||
| 參考編碼 | 1855[1] | ||||
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雷克瑟姆火車總站（英文全稱：Wrexham General railway station，英文簡稱：Wrexham General，威爾斯語：Wrecsam Cyffredinol）是英國威爾士東北部城市雷克瑟姆的兩座主要火車站之一，另一座是雷克瑟姆中央車站。該站現由威爾士鐵路公司管理，停靠列車多數屬於威爾士鐵路公司，但也有阿凡提西海岸通往倫敦尤斯頓車站的列車。雷克瑟姆火車總站第一代站房啟用於1846年，後改屬大西部鐵路，並由大西部鐵路於1912年建設第二代站房。雷克瑟姆火車總站是雷克瑟姆郡自治市的主要城際鐵路交通樞紐，2006—2007年度承擔了雷克瑟姆郡自治市78%的城際鐵路客流。該站同時是北威爾士的主要城際鐵路樞紐。
今雷克瑟姆火車總站供邊界鐵路使用的4站台，曾是一座獨立的火車站——雷克瑟姆交換站，雷克瑟姆交換站1981年併入雷克瑟姆火車總站。
歷史[編輯]
1846年，雷克瑟姆進入了蒸汽鐵路時代。雷克瑟姆第一條鐵路是由當地知名商人亨利·羅伯遜出資修建的北威爾士礦業鐵路，該人在泥山村還擁有鋼鐵廠。
雷克瑟姆火車總站先後擁有過兩代車站，兩代車站的位置並無變化。第一代車站是由什魯斯伯里和切斯特鐵路建設的帶有荷蘭式山牆的雅各賓建築，總設計師是雷克瑟姆建築師托馬斯·彭森（Thomas Penson）先生，這位建築師還設計了什魯斯伯里站和戈博溫站兩座火車站。雷克瑟姆火車總站剛建成之時，周邊還是雷克瑟姆城區的邊緣，當時的雷克瑟姆是重工業城鎮，所擁有的一批煤礦和鋼鐵廠吸引着鐵路公司。
第二代車站建成於1912年，由新運營單位大西部鐵路建設，目的在於應對更大的鐵路交通流量。第二代車站使用大西部鐵路標準的法式建築風格，屋頂塔樓上擁有華麗的裝飾。雷克瑟姆火車總站的獨特之處在於從第一代站房到第二代站房均使用石頭外牆，而不是常見的紅磚外牆。雷克瑟姆火車總站通往肖頓的鋼廠鐵路和通往徹克中密度纖維板工廠的木材運輸鐵路在20世紀60年代的比欽大斧中得以倖存。
1997年4月24日，一列空運煤火車中的一節車廂在雷克瑟姆火車總站附近的平交道口出軌。事故列車繼續行駛了1英里進入雷克瑟姆火車總站，出軌車廂損壞了雷克瑟姆火車總站的站台和雨棚。[2] 這使得車站進行了大修，包括重修雨棚、重修全部站台站台、清洗黑色砂岩建築。此次翻建並未翻修已於20世紀70年代停用的港灣式站台，其仍保留了20世紀70年代的照明，直至威爾斯議會2008年對其進行翻新。
在英國，大西部鐵路和後繼公司英國鐵路西部為和其它鐵路公司在一座城市的主要火車站名稱上做出區別，便將其所屬在一座城市的主要火車站命名為「XX火車總站」，對應的英語則為「某某 General railway station」。英國城市的主要火車站更多的是直接以所在地命名，或稱為「XX中央車站」（對應的英語則為「某某 Central railway station」）。
在1967年及以前，雷克瑟姆火車總站還擁有大西部鐵路及後來的英國鐵路西部運營的通往倫敦帕丁頓車站和伯肯黑德伍德賽德站的快速列車，在西海岸主線完成電氣化改造時停運。
近年來發展[編輯]
The station is currently undergoing a renaissance as a number of new services have been introduced. Since 2005 the station has been a stop of the two hourly Cardiff to Holyhead Transport for Wales service (introduced by previous franchise operator Arriva Trains Wales, which occasionally extends to Llanelli. The two hourly Birmingham service has also been extended to Birmingham International and Holyhead.
In April 2008, Ieuan Wyn Jones AM, the Deputy First Minister for Wales opened a new Wrexham Network Rail depot. It consisted of the refurbishment of two terminal bay platforms to the south of the station for overnight stabling of trains and the construction of a crew depot. The development was opened to coincide with the start of services from Wrexham General to London by Wrexham & Shropshire, who utilised the depot until services to London Marylebone stopped in January 2011.
2009年2月起，車站閒置辦公區改作咖啡館。In June 2011, construction began on the increased access for disabled people to platform four. The existing footbridge between platforms three and four was removed in preparation for the construction of a new footbridge which includes a lift on Platform four. This obviates the use of the road bridge for disabled access to platform four. The new bridge has been built to modern standards but in a style sympathising with the rest of the station design. The footbridge was installed in a record 12 hours and a timelapse video was shot of the event.
On 20 March 2012 it was announced that sections of the North to South Wales line would be upgraded along the Wrexham section of the line to a total of £46 million worth of improvements. These include redoubling the Wrexham – Chester section, and upgrading sections of the line to allow for 90 mph running throughout. This will allow for an increase in traffic between Wrexham and Chester, including further London services and a possibility of regular services to new destinations. One report has suggested extending the hourly First TransPennine Express Hull – Manchester Piccadilly service to Wrexham via Chester, which would provide a direct service to Manchester, Leeds and Hull. Other suggestions include extending the current hourly Chester – Crewe shuttle service south to Wrexham and north to Manchester (via Manchester Airport).[4] Although the engineering work completed in April 2017, no new developments are anticipated until late 2017 at the earliest.[5]
Transport for Wales have confirmed plans to introduce peak time services to and from Liverpool Lime Street via Chester and Runcorn, along the Halton Curve,[6][7] from May 2019.[8][9]
布局[編輯]
雷克瑟姆火車總站擁有4座使用中站台，分別是1站台、2站台、3站台、4站台。1站台旁邊的兩座港灣式站台現已停用，現已停用的港灣式站台在20實際60年代及以前用於停靠經魯阿本—巴爾茅斯鐵路到巴爾茅斯站的列車。1站台和2站台主要用於行走於切斯特站至什魯斯伯里站的鐵路上的列車，3站台和2站台實際上是一座島式站台的兩個半站台。4站台和5站台曾是單獨的一座火車站——雷克瑟姆交換站，雷克瑟姆交換站1981年併入雷克瑟姆火車總站，雷克瑟姆交換站曾是埃爾斯米爾到比斯頓鐵路線的中途站（現在是連接雷克瑟姆和比斯頓的邊界鐵路）。[10]5站台位於4站台對面，現已停用，2008年時改為內部職工停車場。
- Platform 1 can accommodate a 10 car train,[11] and is used for long distance southbound intercity passenger services to Shrewsbury, and onwards to Birmingham International (via Telford Central) or Cardiff Central, operated by Transport for Wales, and for services terminating at Wrexham from Chester and London Euston. Due to signalling constraints, trains cannot depart to the north.
- Platform 2 can accommodate a 10 car train,[11] and is used for regular northbound passenger inter city and regional services to Chester and services onwards to the North Wales Coast line to Holyhead and for services to Manchester Piccadilly via Chester and Runcorn, operated by Transport for Wales. Inter city Services to London Euston (via Chester and Crewe) are also provided on this platform by Avanti West Coast. Due to signalling constraints, trains cannot depart to the south.
- Platform 3 can accommodate a 7 car train,[11] and was used for regular passenger services to London Marylebone via Shrewsbury, Telford Central and Tame Bridge, operated by Wrexham & Shropshire. This platform is now used by a small number of Borderlands Line passenger services (usually the first northbound and last southbound train each day), for services terminating at Wrexham from Shrewsbury and for freight services changing between the Shrewsbury-Chester line and the Borderlands line. This platform is signalled bidirectionally, so trains can depart either south towards Shrewsbury or north towards Bidston, although no services from Shrewsbury currently depart on the Borderlands line and vice versa. In practice this platform is used for trains terminating from either direction.
- Platform 4 is located outside the main station canopy and is used for regular branch line passenger services northbound to Bidston, and to Wrexham Central in the opposite direction, operated by Transport for Wales. This platform is signalled bidirectionally, so trains can depart either south towards Wrexham Central or north towards Bidston.
圖片集[編輯]
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一站台 -
從二站台拍攝的車站天橋 -
三站台 -
四站台
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雷克瑟姆交換站[編輯]
雷克瑟姆交換站（英文全稱：Wrexham Exchange railway station，英文簡稱：Wrexham Exchange）現已與雷克瑟姆火車總站合併，成為雷克瑟姆火車總站4站台。雷克瑟姆交換站啟用於1866年5月，位於雷克瑟姆火車總站旁邊，但合併前是獨立火車站，1981年併入雷克瑟姆火車總站。[12][13][14]
參考資料[編輯]
- ^ Template:NHAW
- ^ Eight-wagon night smash at Wrexham station. RAIL. No. 304 (EMAP Apex Publications). 7–20 May 1997: 6. ISSN 0953-4563. OCLC 49953699.
- ^ Slater, J.N. (編). Notes and News: Western's last "General". Railway Magazine (London: IPC Transport Press Ltd). July 1974, 120 (879): 361. ISSN 0033-8923.
- ^ £46m rail improvement scheme for Wrexham lines. North Wales Daily Post. 20 March 2012 [5 January 2015]. 參數
|newspaper=與模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建議改用{{cite news}}或|website=） (幫助) - ^ Williams, Kelly. Wrexham to Chester railway line upgrade finally complete after major delays. 5 April 2017.
- ^ Chancellor announces £10.4m to redevelop Halton Curve rail line. Runcorn & Widnes Weekly News. 3 July 2014 [2014-07-03].
- ^ Halton Curve to be reinstated with £10.4m upgrade. Chester Chronicle. 3 July 2014.
- ^ New Chester-Liverpool rail service. Cheshire Live. 21 September 2018 [23 September 2018]. 參數
|newspaper=與模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建議改用{{cite news}}或|website=） (幫助) - ^ Rail industry confirms new summer 2019 timetable. 7 March 2019 [11 March 2019]. （原始內容存檔於28 March 2019）.
- ^ 默西塞德Merseyside比斯顿Bidston邮编postcode:CH43_英国(GB)_物流巴巴. www.5688.cn. [2024-07-04].
- ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Yonge, John. Jacobs, Gerald , 編. Railway Track Diagrams 4: Midlands & North West 2nd. Bradford on Avon: Trackmaps. March 2005. map 22D [1990]. ISBN 0-9549866-0-1.
- ^ Mitchell, Vic; Smith, Keith. Wrexham to New Brighton: including Connah's Quay and Chester Northgate. Country Railway Routes. West Sussex: Middleton Press. 2013: 地圖5. ISBN 978-1-908174-47-5. OCLC 859543196 （英語）.
- ^ Disused Stations: Wrexham Exchange Station [已停用火車站：雷克瑟姆交換站]. disused-stations.org.uk. 2017-05-26 [2024-06-22]. （原始內容存檔於2023-0521） （英國英語）.
- ^ Mitchell, Vic; Smith, Keith. Wrexham to New Brighton: including Connah's Quay and Chester Northgate. Country Railway Routes. West Sussex: Middleton Press. 2013: 圖表10. ISBN 978-1-908174-47-5. OCLC 859543196 （英語）.
擴展閱讀[編輯]
- Hendry, R. Preston; Hendry, R. Powell. Paddington to the Mersey. Oxford Publishing Company. 1992: 114–115. ISBN 9780860934424. OCLC 877729237.
- Mitchell, Vic; Smith, Keith. Shrewsbury to Chester. Middleton Press. 2010. figs. 77-90. ISBN 9781906008703. OCLC 495274299.
外部連結[編輯]
- Chester to Shrewsbury Rail Partnership 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2009-10-21.